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The Paris Peace Confrences
When: 18th of January 1919- 21st of January 1920
Where: Paris.
What: Resulted from the ending of WW1. Allied forces joined in Paris to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. More than 32 countries sent represented diplomats to discuss reshape the borders of Europe post-war, imposed war guilt and financial penalties on Germany.
Why: The Paris Peace Conferences were a result of post-World War. They were created reshape the map of Europe, thereby removing all land seized by the Central Powers after the war.
Outcome: The map of Europe was restored and large areas of land were taken from Germany who was seen as the cause of the war. The Treaty of Versailles was created to force Germany into peace with the Allies to ensure that another world war would never happen again.
So what? The Treaty of Versailles was the result of these conferences. The treaty was to include the following:
1) The War Guilt Clause which forced Germany to take full responsibility of causing the war.
2) Alice-Lorraine was to be returned to France.
3) A strip of land was taken from Germany to allow access to the sea for Poland.
4) Central Powers were to surrender all their colonies to the League of Nations.
5) Germany was reduced to an army of only 100,000 men along with its navy and air force.
6) Germany was forced to turn over its entire merchant fleet as compensation to the Allied forces for shipping losses during the war.
7) The west bank of the Rhine River Valley was to be de-militarized and Allied forces were to occupy it for 15 years.
8) Unification between Austria and Germany was forbidden.
9) The Constitution of the League of Nations was to be included as a part of the Treaty.
Below is the new map after WW1. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange and neutral countries in grey.
Where: Paris.
What: Resulted from the ending of WW1. Allied forces joined in Paris to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers. More than 32 countries sent represented diplomats to discuss reshape the borders of Europe post-war, imposed war guilt and financial penalties on Germany.
Why: The Paris Peace Conferences were a result of post-World War. They were created reshape the map of Europe, thereby removing all land seized by the Central Powers after the war.
Outcome: The map of Europe was restored and large areas of land were taken from Germany who was seen as the cause of the war. The Treaty of Versailles was created to force Germany into peace with the Allies to ensure that another world war would never happen again.
So what? The Treaty of Versailles was the result of these conferences. The treaty was to include the following:
1) The War Guilt Clause which forced Germany to take full responsibility of causing the war.
2) Alice-Lorraine was to be returned to France.
3) A strip of land was taken from Germany to allow access to the sea for Poland.
4) Central Powers were to surrender all their colonies to the League of Nations.
5) Germany was reduced to an army of only 100,000 men along with its navy and air force.
6) Germany was forced to turn over its entire merchant fleet as compensation to the Allied forces for shipping losses during the war.
7) The west bank of the Rhine River Valley was to be de-militarized and Allied forces were to occupy it for 15 years.
8) Unification between Austria and Germany was forbidden.
9) The Constitution of the League of Nations was to be included as a part of the Treaty.
Below is the new map after WW1. The Allies are depicted in green, the Central Powers in orange and neutral countries in grey.
Unit 1 Notes:
Nationalism: Is people that are devoted to their nation and development and advancement.
Imperialism: The mindset that the country as a whole must expand the boarders and create colonies.
Treaty of Versailles: Was a treaty created after WW1 to force severe penalties upon Germany who was, as part of the Treaty, to take the blame for causing the war.
Fourteen Points: were war agreements made by the Allies in WW1 to restrict the “loosing” Central Powers.
Self- determination: a term used for people to choose the form of government to be ruled by without the interference of other nations.
Idealism vs. Realism: Idealism is the state of mind of envisioning a perfect country and government whereas Realism is based more on facts and what would happen then just envisioning things.
War Guilt Clause: Germany was forced to take the blame for causing the war in the Treaty of Versailles under the War Guilt Clause.
W.C.T.U.: Women's Christian Temperance Union.
League of Nations: The League of Nations was created after WW1 in the attempt to keep another world war from happening again. The League was to enforce peace throughout the world; with little success to stop Germany from creating another army.
Collective Security: The system of maintaining security and world peace by collective action by nations of the world.
Woodrow Wilson: Was the 28th President of the United States and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his sponsorship of the League of Nations.
Economic Sanctions:Is actions taken by one nation or group of nations to harm the economy of another or group, often to force a political change.
Hoare-Laval Plan: Secret plan to offer Benito Mussolini most of Ethiopia in return for a truce in the Italy-Ethiopian War.
The Locarno Pact: this agreement allowed Canada, France, Britain, and U.S. to enter Germany whenever they required access without being killed.
Kelogg- Briand Pact: international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts.
Bourgeoisie: a person in the middle class and are of higher social standings than the Proletariat; superior to Proletariat.
Proletariat: Under Marxist theory a Proletariat was a class of working people who did not own property and were forced into manual labor.
Exploitation: The use of someone or something for one’s own benefit.
Dictatorship: A country governed by a Dictator holding absolute power over its people and military.
Cadet: Any person in training for military services such as army, air force, or navy.
Bolshevik: a member of the more radical majority of the Social Democratic party, advocating immediate and forceful seizure of power by the proletariat.
Menshevik: opposition to the Bolshevik party and believed in a complete socialist driven government.
Fundamental Laws: Is the organic law of a state, especially its constitution.
Duma: An official elected legislative assembly in Russia, established by Nicholas II in 1905.
Gulags: Were labor camps for those who chose to oppose Saltin and his government. Only 10% of all people who went into these camps survived.
The Purges: Was when Saltin forced anyone that opposed his rule was put into his version of death camps. These times were known as the Great Purges.
Provisional Government: is an emergency government temporarily put in place after the collapse of a large government party.
V.I. Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Leon
Soviet: was any government official who lived in Soviet Russia.
Alexander Kerensky
General Kornilov
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
War Communism
The Russian Civil War
39. Reds/Whites
Allied Intervention
New Economic Policy
Comintern
Treaty of Rapallo
"Guns or Butter"
Command Economy
Collectivization
Kolkhoz
Kulak
Five Year Plan
Gulags: were camps put in place to control people who opposed Stalin’s form of government and were killed in these camps.
The Purges: was the name given to the time that Stalin forced people into death camps that opposed his rule.
Imperialism: The mindset that the country as a whole must expand the boarders and create colonies.
Treaty of Versailles: Was a treaty created after WW1 to force severe penalties upon Germany who was, as part of the Treaty, to take the blame for causing the war.
Fourteen Points: were war agreements made by the Allies in WW1 to restrict the “loosing” Central Powers.
Self- determination: a term used for people to choose the form of government to be ruled by without the interference of other nations.
Idealism vs. Realism: Idealism is the state of mind of envisioning a perfect country and government whereas Realism is based more on facts and what would happen then just envisioning things.
War Guilt Clause: Germany was forced to take the blame for causing the war in the Treaty of Versailles under the War Guilt Clause.
W.C.T.U.: Women's Christian Temperance Union.
League of Nations: The League of Nations was created after WW1 in the attempt to keep another world war from happening again. The League was to enforce peace throughout the world; with little success to stop Germany from creating another army.
Collective Security: The system of maintaining security and world peace by collective action by nations of the world.
Woodrow Wilson: Was the 28th President of the United States and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his sponsorship of the League of Nations.
Economic Sanctions:Is actions taken by one nation or group of nations to harm the economy of another or group, often to force a political change.
Hoare-Laval Plan: Secret plan to offer Benito Mussolini most of Ethiopia in return for a truce in the Italy-Ethiopian War.
The Locarno Pact: this agreement allowed Canada, France, Britain, and U.S. to enter Germany whenever they required access without being killed.
Kelogg- Briand Pact: international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts.
Bourgeoisie: a person in the middle class and are of higher social standings than the Proletariat; superior to Proletariat.
Proletariat: Under Marxist theory a Proletariat was a class of working people who did not own property and were forced into manual labor.
Exploitation: The use of someone or something for one’s own benefit.
Dictatorship: A country governed by a Dictator holding absolute power over its people and military.
Cadet: Any person in training for military services such as army, air force, or navy.
Bolshevik: a member of the more radical majority of the Social Democratic party, advocating immediate and forceful seizure of power by the proletariat.
Menshevik: opposition to the Bolshevik party and believed in a complete socialist driven government.
Fundamental Laws: Is the organic law of a state, especially its constitution.
Duma: An official elected legislative assembly in Russia, established by Nicholas II in 1905.
Gulags: Were labor camps for those who chose to oppose Saltin and his government. Only 10% of all people who went into these camps survived.
The Purges: Was when Saltin forced anyone that opposed his rule was put into his version of death camps. These times were known as the Great Purges.
Provisional Government: is an emergency government temporarily put in place after the collapse of a large government party.
V.I. Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Leon
Soviet: was any government official who lived in Soviet Russia.
Alexander Kerensky
General Kornilov
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
War Communism
The Russian Civil War
39. Reds/Whites
Allied Intervention
New Economic Policy
Comintern
Treaty of Rapallo
"Guns or Butter"
Command Economy
Collectivization
Kolkhoz
Kulak
Five Year Plan
Gulags: were camps put in place to control people who opposed Stalin’s form of government and were killed in these camps.
The Purges: was the name given to the time that Stalin forced people into death camps that opposed his rule.
WW2 Terms:
1. General Francisco Franco: was a Spanish military leader and statesman who ruled as the dictator of Spain from 1936 until his death.
2. Falange: Was the offical political party in Spain until it's disbandment in 1977.
3. International Brigades: were units made up of volenterrs from different countries who fought in the Spanish Cival War between 1936 and 1939.
4. Guernica: Was a town in northern Spain that was distroyed by a German bombing raid durring the Spanish Civil War.
5. Stresa Front: Was an agreement between French foreign minister Pierre Laval, British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald, and Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini on April 14, 1935. Its aim was to reaffirm the Locarno Treaties and to declare the independence of Austria
6. Greater East Asian Co-Pros. Sphere: was a decree to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western power control.
7. Lebensraum: was a term given by a country who considered need of additional space for the nations survival.
8. Appeasement: A term given to bringing about a state of peace, quiet, and contentment within a country.
9. Remilitarisation of the Rhineland:
10. Sudetenland: Was refer to those northern, southwest, and western areas of Czechoslovakia which was inhabited mostly by German speakers; on the border with Germany.
11. Edvard Benes: Was a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the second President of Czechoslovakia. He was known to be a skilled diplomat.
12. Neville Chamberlain: was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.
13. Munich Conference:The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia's areas along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined.
14. The Nazi-Soviet Pact: On August 23, 1939 representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other.
15. Blitzkrieg: meaning Lightning War; German ground troops and armored units used ferce speed to break through enemy's lines in an attempt to through them off of the target.
16. Panzer: Was the German's name for their armored units which were sent out into battle.
17. Luftwaffe: was a branch of the German airforce in 1939.
18. Phony War: was the name given to the period of time between 1939 and 1940; Germany was in the process of occuping Poland where as the rest of Europe stood by and did not step in to stop Germany's actions.
19. Dunkirk: was a town from where Allied forces evacuated over 338,000 troops; considered a miracle.
20. Charles De Gaulle:Charles de Gaulle was a French general who led the Free French Forces during World War II and later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958.
21. Vichy France: Was the name given for regions of France when under control of German comand from 1940-1944.
22. Collaborators: Are two or more people or groups who work together to accomplish a common goal.
23. Battle of Britain: Was composed of air raides over Britan and London. This was the first battle where Hitler was forced to postpone his attack plans.
24. Operation Sealion: Was the name given to Hitler's proposed invasion of Britan from the English Channel.
25. Spitfire: ABritish fighter plane with a single in-line engine used by the R.A.F. throughout World War II.
2. Falange: Was the offical political party in Spain until it's disbandment in 1977.
3. International Brigades: were units made up of volenterrs from different countries who fought in the Spanish Cival War between 1936 and 1939.
4. Guernica: Was a town in northern Spain that was distroyed by a German bombing raid durring the Spanish Civil War.
5. Stresa Front: Was an agreement between French foreign minister Pierre Laval, British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald, and Italian prime minister Benito Mussolini on April 14, 1935. Its aim was to reaffirm the Locarno Treaties and to declare the independence of Austria
6. Greater East Asian Co-Pros. Sphere: was a decree to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western power control.
7. Lebensraum: was a term given by a country who considered need of additional space for the nations survival.
8. Appeasement: A term given to bringing about a state of peace, quiet, and contentment within a country.
9. Remilitarisation of the Rhineland:
10. Sudetenland: Was refer to those northern, southwest, and western areas of Czechoslovakia which was inhabited mostly by German speakers; on the border with Germany.
11. Edvard Benes: Was a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement, Minister of Foreign Affairs and the second President of Czechoslovakia. He was known to be a skilled diplomat.
12. Neville Chamberlain: was a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940.
13. Munich Conference:The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of Czechoslovakia's areas along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined.
14. The Nazi-Soviet Pact: On August 23, 1939 representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other.
15. Blitzkrieg: meaning Lightning War; German ground troops and armored units used ferce speed to break through enemy's lines in an attempt to through them off of the target.
16. Panzer: Was the German's name for their armored units which were sent out into battle.
17. Luftwaffe: was a branch of the German airforce in 1939.
18. Phony War: was the name given to the period of time between 1939 and 1940; Germany was in the process of occuping Poland where as the rest of Europe stood by and did not step in to stop Germany's actions.
19. Dunkirk: was a town from where Allied forces evacuated over 338,000 troops; considered a miracle.
20. Charles De Gaulle:Charles de Gaulle was a French general who led the Free French Forces during World War II and later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958.
21. Vichy France: Was the name given for regions of France when under control of German comand from 1940-1944.
22. Collaborators: Are two or more people or groups who work together to accomplish a common goal.
23. Battle of Britain: Was composed of air raides over Britan and London. This was the first battle where Hitler was forced to postpone his attack plans.
24. Operation Sealion: Was the name given to Hitler's proposed invasion of Britan from the English Channel.
25. Spitfire: ABritish fighter plane with a single in-line engine used by the R.A.F. throughout World War II.